Uma versão melhorada de um algoritmo de encaminhamento para protecção local com partilha de largura de banda de protecção

A new improved version of a dynamic routing algorithm of locally restorable QoS guaranteed paths, will be described. The algorithm calculates simultaneously the active and local protection paths, with protection bandwidth sharing. A method for minimal allocation of protection bandwidth in the context of local shared protection will also be proposed. The performance of the original and of the improved version of algorithm, using minimal allocation of protection bandwidth, will be analysed. Experimental results will show the new version has advantages both regarding the total bandwidth used, the number of hops of the active path and the probability of rejection of new requests. O QoS duma rede depende fortemente da sua capacidade de sobrevivência. Por este motivo mecanismos de protecção em redes têm sido objecto de estudo intenso. A protecção pode ser local ou global e pode ser orientada ao recurso ou ao caminho. A protecção local tem vantagens sobre a protecção global, nomeadamente no respeitante ao tempo de recuperação. Os caminhos de protecção e activo podem ser calculados separadamente ou em conjunto. O cálculo conjunto dos caminhos de protecção e do caminho activo é mais difícil mas pode conduzir a melhor utilização dos recursos da rede, especialmente se for considerada a partilha de LB de protecção. Será descrita uma versão melhorada de um algoritmo de encaminhamento dinâmico para protecção local com garantias de QoS. O algoritmo calcula simultaneamente o caminho activo e os caminhos de protecção local, com partilha da LB de protecção. Será também proposto um método que permite reservar o valor mínimo de LB de protecção, num contexto de protecção local com partilha. Será analisado o desempenho de ambas as versões do algoritmo, implementadas com reserva exacta da LB de protecção. Os resultados simulacionais mostrarão que a nova versão requer menos LB total usada, utiliza um menor número de ramos no caminho activo e conduz a uma menor rejeição de pedidos

Tuberculosis in Retrospective: Review of Current Knowledge and its Application in the Study of Skeletal Remains

La tuberculosis fue en el pasado, al igual que en la actualidad, una enfermedad con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Sin embargo, su detección en el registro arqueológico humano es relativamente infrecuente. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de los conocimientos biológicos, clínicos y osteológicos actuales de la tuberculosis, y su aplicación en el estudio de restos humanos. Además de la clásica enfermedad de Pott y de las lesiones articulares, este trabajo también describe otro tipo de lesiones menos frecuentes, entre ellas indicadores no específ icos como la formación de hueso nuevo en la superf icie visceral de las costillas y los huesos largos. Considerando estas evidencias, es conveniente volver a revisar esqueletos estudiados hace algunas décadas en búsqueda de información reciente verif icada en colecciones identif icadas, para mejorar nuestros conocimientos sobre la tuberculosis.Tuberculosis was in the past, as in the present, a disease with high morbidity and mortality. However, their detection in the human archaeological record is relatively infrequent. This paper presents a review of the current biological, clinical and osteological knowledge of tuberculosis and their application in the study of human skeletal remains. Besides the classical lesions due to Pott´s disease and articular tuberculosis, other kind of less frequent bone lesions, including non-specific indicators as new bone formation in visceral surface of ribs and long bones are described. Considering these evidences, it is convenient re-analyze skeletons studied decades ago, looking for subtle lesions verified from identified collections.Fil: Suby, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Ana Luisa. Universidad de Coimbra. Facultad de Ciencias E Tecnología. Departamento de Ciencias Da Vida; Portuga

Tempo geológico e desenvolvimento sustentável: contributos da investigação educacional para a compreensão das suas relações

Na sociedade actual, caracterizada pela complexidade, pelo ritmo acelerado de mudança e pela incerteza, reconhece-se que a educação em ciência, promotora de cidadãos cientificamente cultos, deve ser um objectivo social prioritário. O desafio da alfabetização científica é, por exemplo, uma opção estratégica para que a sociedade possa responder melhor às exigências da emergência planetária. Estudos sobre literacia científica e iniciativas como a “Década da Literacia” e “Década da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável” têm contribuído para chamar a atenção relativamente à necessidade de efectuar trabalho nas escolas que ajude a promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, o que pode ser conseguido, também, a partir da abordagem do conceito de tempo geológico. Apesar da grande importância atribuída às Ciências da Terra, a investigação tem revelado que há dificuldades, por parte dos cidadãos em termos gerais (alunos, pais, professores), acerca da compreensão do tempo geológico, conceito complexo, mas central e transversal, considerado o coração da Geologia. Tendo em conta o contexto apresentado, foi elaborado, durante o ano de 2009, no âmbito do Doutoramento em Didáctica e Formação – Ramo de Didáctica e Desenvolvimento Curricular da Universidade de Aveiro, o projecto de investigação intitulado Uma abordagem ao tempo geológico: contributos para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Com este estudo, pretende-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um quadro teórico, no âmbito da educação em geral e das Geociências em particular, visando o desenvolvimento dos alunos como cidadãos cientificamente cultos, numa lógica de sustentabilidade. Para isso, proceder-se-á à concepção, desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação de estratégias definidas com base nesse quadro teórico, no âmbito da Geologia, no ensino secundário. O estudo, a realizar entre 2009 e 2011, compreende três fases: desenvolvimento de um quadro conceptual de fundamentação, concepção do quadro metodológico da intervenção didáctica e elaboração de uma proposta metodológica fundamentada. Para compreender as concepções dos alunos sobre o tempo geológico, foram recolhidos dados a partir de um questionário de auto-relato, realizado no início de 2010, que tem os seguintes objectivos: a) identificar a importância que os alunos atribuem à literacia científica; b) diagnosticar as concepções dos alunos acerca dos conceitos de tempo e de tempo geológico; c) identificar os factores que condicionam a compreensão do conceito de tempo geológico; d) diagnosticar a importância que os alunos atribuem ao tempo geológico na aprendizagem da Geologia e na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. Este questionário teve por base a pesquisa realizada no âmbito do projecto “Deep time in schooling: contributions of students’ perceptions for the development of scientifically literate citizens” do Centro de Investigação Didáctica e Tecnologia na Formação de Formadores da Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal) e os dados obtidos no projecto PISA. Nesta comunicação pretende-se apresentar o resultado do trabalho desenvolvido para a elaboração e validação do questionário: aplicação da 1ª versão do questionário em duas turmas de Biologia e Geologia (11º ano: alunos de 16-17 anos de idade); apreciação da 2ª versão do questionário por um grupo de três peritos de três universidades portuguesas (Universidade de Évora, Universidade do Porto e Universidade de Aveiro)

Multiclass data plane recovery using different recovery schemes in SDN: a simulation analysis

To provide dependable services SDN networks need to be resilient to link or switching node failures. This entails, when faults occur, ensuring differentiated types of recovery, according to carried traffic, to routing paths. However, the choice of the recovery scheme best suited to each traffic class is not direct, nor is obvious the impact of the combination of various recovery schemes, according to traffic classes. We explore the usage of different recovery schemes for traffic with distinct requirements Simulation analysis confirms that using different recovery schemes for distinct types of traffic does create differentiated effects in terms of traffic carried and bandwidth usage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Failure simulation in software-defined networks with differential link availability

In Software-Defined Networks (SDN) the placement of controllers is an important factor for overall network reliability. Whereas most studies assume that all links have similar link failure rates/availability, placing controllers taking into account differences in link availability can yield advantages. This is even more relevant if the network is designed with a particular subset of high availability links (a spine). After presenting integer linear programming formulations to support controller placement considering differential link availability, we propose a simulation approach to verify the reliability change due to that placement. From a simulational study using 2 networks, 30 different link availability configurations we found a definite advantage in overall reliability in using the knowledge of high availability links to place the controllers. However, while there were also advantages to using certain spines for individual networks, these advantages were not uniform, and varied according to networks, the number of controllers placed and link availability ratio. Further work is suggested to check whether fault patterns may influence the reliability advantage of individual spines.This work has been partially funded by ERDF Funds through the Centre’s Regional Operational Program and by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. under the project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-029312, and also by FCT Grants UIDB/00308/2020 (INESC Coimbra), UIDB/05757/2020 (CeDRI), and UIDB/05037/2020 (CeBER). The authors would like to thank Prof. Rita Girão-Silva and Prof. Lúcia Martins for their contribution in spine generation and Prof. Amaro de Sousa for his comments and discussion.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Combining mobile-health (mHealth) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to avoid suicide attempts: the Smartcrises study protocol

The screening of digital footprint for clinical purposes relies on the capacity of wearable technologies to collect data and extract relevant information’s for patient management. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques allow processing of real-time observational information and continuously learning from data to build understanding. We designed a system able to get clinical sense from digital footprints based on the smartphone’s native sensors and advanced machine learning and signal processing techniques in order to identify suicide risk. Method/design: The Smartcrisis study is a cross-national comparative study. The study goal is to determine the relationship between suicide risk and changes in sleep quality and disturbed appetite. Outpatients from the Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz Psychiatry Department (Madrid, Spain) and the University Hospital of Nimes (France) will be proposed to participate to the study. Two smartphone applications and a wearable armband will be used to capture the data. In the intervention group, a smartphone application (MEmind) will allow for the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data capture related with sleep, appetite and suicide ideations. Discussion: Some concerns regarding data security might be raised. Our system complies with the highest level of security regarding patients’ data. Several important ethical considerations related to EMA method must also be considered. EMA methods entails a non-negligible time commitment on behalf of the participants. EMA rely on daily, or sometimes more frequent, Smartphone notifications. Furthermore, recording participants’ daily experiences in a continuous manner is an integral part of EMA. This approach may be significantly more than asking a participant to complete a retrospective questionnaire but also more accurate in terms of symptoms monitoring. Overall, we believe that Smartcrises could participate to a paradigm shift from the traditional identification of risks factors to personalized prevention strategies tailored to characteristics for each patientThis study was partly funded by Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/01852), Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional de Drogas (20151073), American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) (LSRG-1-005-16), the Madrid Regional Government (B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM 2CM; Y2018/TCS-4705 PRACTICO-CM) and Structural Funds of the European Union. MINECO/FEDER (‘ADVENTURE’, id. TEC2015–69868-C2–1-R) and MCIU Explora Grant ‘aMBITION’ (id. TEC2017–92552-EXP), the French Embassy in Madrid, Spain, The foundation de l’avenir, and the Fondation de France. The work of D. Ramírez and A. Artés-Rodríguez has been partly supported by Ministerio de Economía of Spain under projects: OTOSIS (TEC2013–41718-R), AID (TEC2014–62194-EXP) and the COMONSENS Network (TEC2015–69648-REDC), by the Ministerio de Economía of Spain jointly with the European Commission (ERDF) under projects ADVENTURE (TEC2015– 69868-C2–1-R) and CAIMAN (TEC2017–86921-C2–2-R), and by the Comunidad de Madrid under project CASI-CAM-CM (S2013/ICE-2845). The work of P. Moreno-Muñoz has been supported by FPI grant BES-2016-07762

Una mirada a la responsabilidad social en las empresas colombianas

La responsabilidad social empresarial es una conducta de negocios proveniente de la ética empresarial adaptada como una filosofía corporativa que lleva a las compañías a evaluar sus impactos tanto positivos y negativos e implementar acciones buscando el mejoramiento de su relaciones internas y externas, aunque esta metodología no es nueva en sus principios su expansión comienza en los años 60 en Estados Unidos de donde se multiplica alrededor del mundo, en este sentido es necesario analizar la actual situación de las empresas colombianas respecto a la responsabilidad social empresarial con el fin de aprovechar los cambios que se están experimentando en la actualidad para proponer una guía de aplicación a este concepto. Se busca a través de este trabajo realizar un compendio de las mejores prácticas empresariales enfocadas al manejo efectivo de la responsabilidad social, alcanzando mejores estándares en las compañías para beneficio de los empleados, la sociedad y el medio ambient

Análisis ocupacional para la actualización de manual de funciones y requisitos de la empresa Aguas y Aguas de Pereira

El desarrollo del presente trabajo, constituye la aplicación de un proceso de Análisis Ocupacional para la formalización del nuevo Manual de Funciones y Requisitos y el establecimiento de las competencias laborales generales de los cargos de la empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Pereira S.A. E.S.P, además del análisis completo de la información recolectada, se reúnen una serie de recomendaciones realizadas con el objetivo de mejorar los procesos internos, enriquecer los cargos y aumentar la funcionalidad de la estructura organizacional. Como aporte significativo, se emplearon instrumentos de recolección de información como la entrevista en profundidad a partir de formularios diseñados específicamente para esta actividad, que permitieron examinar desde diferentes aspectos la situación actual de los puestos de trabajo, aportar a la identificación de las actividades que no agregan valor y generar propuestas de rediseño de los cargos. Para garantizar la coherencia y fiabilidad de la información registrada, se evaluó de forma continua con los Jefes de Área; de tal manera que se promoviera un proceso de constante retroalimentación y apoyo, para facilitar el progreso y mayores alcances del proyecto. El análisis cuidadoso de la información recolectada en las entrevistas a todo el personal, además de permitir la documentación del Manual de Funciones y Requisitos de la empresa, facilitó la formulación de denominaciones específicas para los cargos actuales, que no afectan la naturaleza de las funciones desarrolladas, sino que flexibilizan la estructura organizacional de cada Subgerencia y permiten asentar la funcionalidad a la realidad actual de la organización.The development of this work is the implementation of an Occupational Analysis process to formalize the new Manual of Requirements and Functions and the establishment of general labor skills of the company officials at Aqueduct and Sewer Pereira SA ESP, in addition to the comprehensive analysis of the collected data, they meet a series of recommendations made in order to improve internal processes, enrich the charges and increase the ability of the organizational structure. As a significant contribution, we used data collection instruments and in-depth interview from forms designed specifically for this activity, they covered different aspects from the current situation of jobs, contribute to the identification of activities not add value and generate proposals for redesign of the charges. To ensure consistency and reliability of information recorded continuously evaluated with the heads of area, in such a way as to promote a process of constant feedback and support, to facilitate progress and greater achievements of the project. Careful analysis of the information collected in interviews with all staff, and allows documentation of the Manual of Functions and Requirements of the firm, facilitated the development of specific designations for the current charges, which do not affect the nature of the functions performed but flexible organizational structure of each seat and allow Deputy Manager functionality to the organization's current reality

Review on the main flexible residential loads with potential to participate in Demand Response Programmes

Demand Response programmes represent an important component in the establishment of smart grids, since the management of load flexibility enables demand to be dynamically adjusted according to fluctuations in the price of electricity in the wholesale energy market, or according to the supply of distributed energy generation from renewable sources. Given the importance of load flexibility for the optimised management of smart grids, this paper argues that it is essential to carry out a technical characterisation of the main flexible residential loads with potential to participate in Demand Response programmes. For that, the scientific literature was reviewed. This review carried out in this study aimed to point out different approaches in the selection of flexible residential loads with potential to participate in DR programmers, as defined by 6 different authors. The main conclusion that can be drawn from the review of the studies selected in this paper is that there is a consensus on the main flexible residential loads with potential to participate in DR programmes. In conclusion, this study margues that there is the need to design and implement real case studies that examines the impact of the selected flexible residential loads under different scenarios and under real-market conditions to access the new market potential in this field. It is only through the successful implementation of innovative DR programme models (followed by the scaling up from pilots to commercial deployments) that the benefits of demand flexibility will be truly known

Building a test bed for simulation analysis for the internet of things

The current Internet of Things (IoT) solutions require support at different network layers, from higher level applications to lower level media-based support. The dissertation presents some of the main application requirements for IoT, characterizing architecture, Quality of Service (QoS) features, security mechanisms, discovery service resources and web integration options and the protocols that can be used to provide them (e.g. CoAP, XMPP, DDS, MQTT-SN, AMQP). As examples of lower-level requirements and protocols, several wireless network characteristics (e.g. ZigBee, Z-Wave, BLE, LoRaWAN, SigFox, IEEE 802.11af, NB-IoT) are presented. The variety of possible applications scenarios and the heterogeneity of enabling technologies combined with a large number of sensors and devices, suggests the need for simulation and modeling tactics to describe how the previous requirements can be met. As a potential solution, the creation of simulation models and the usage of the OMNET++ simulation tool to enable meaningful IoT simulation is discussed. The analysis of the behavior of IoT applications is proposed for two use cases: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for home and industrial automation, and Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks for smart meters, smart buildings, and smart cities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio